Venezuela Passes Law Protecting Freedom of Navigation and Trade
On December 23, 2025, Venezuela’s National Assembly approved a law to safeguard navigation and trade, with penalties up to 20 years for piracy and blockades.
Maritime Law
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Venezuela Denounces U.S. ‘Piracy’ After Second Oil Tanker Seizure
Venezuela condemns U.S. ‘piracy’ after its second oil tanker seizure in weeks, accusing Washington of breaching international maritime law amid rising tensions.
Seized Venezuelan Oil Tanker Heads to Houston After US Interception
A Venezuelan oil tanker carrying 1.85M barrels of crude, seized by US forces on December 10, is now en route to Houston, highlighting sanctions and maritime tensions.
China Report Deems U.S. Freedom of Navigation Unlawful
China’s report argues the U.S. Freedom of Navigation Program lacks a legal basis in UNCLOS, labels it a power-projection tool, and affirms historic rights in the South China Sea.