In a landmark decision, China has recently concluded the third plenary session of the 20th Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, adopting a comprehensive resolution aimed at deepening reforms and advancing modernization across the nation.
Central to these reforms are measures to enhance the lives of Chinese citizens, with a particular focus on addressing the twin challenges of an aging population and declining birth rates. According to the latest data from the National Bureau of Statistics, by the end of 2023, nearly 297 million people—accounting for over 21% of the population—are aged 60 and above. Furthermore, the fertility rate stood at a low 1.3 live births per woman in 2020.
To combat these demographic trends, the resolution outlines a series of strategies aimed at fostering a more childbirth-friendly society. Key initiatives include reducing the financial burdens associated with childbirth, parenting, and education, as well as enhancing parental leave policies and introducing childbirth subsidies. Additionally, the government plans to improve public services related to childbirth and pediatric care and to increase tax deductions for childcare expenses.
Beyond incentivizing births, China is also committed to developing a robust public-benefit childcare service system. This includes supporting employer-run nurseries, community childcare facilities, and home-based care options. Efforts will be made to ensure that public services are seamlessly delivered across urban and rural areas, bridging regional disparities.
Addressing the needs of its aging population, the resolution emphasizes proactive measures for elderly care. Plans include enhancing elderly care programs and industries, developing the silver economy, and creating diverse job opportunities for older adults. In a gradual and orderly manner, the statutory retirement age will be raised to better accommodate the changing workforce.
The government is also focused on expanding basic elderly care services through community-based facilities, strengthening public-run institutions, and encouraging participation from enterprises and non-governmental organizations. Special attention will be given to supporting elderly residents facing unique challenges, such as those living alone, with disabilities, or other impairments. Additionally, efforts will accelerate the introduction of long-term care insurance schemes to provide more comprehensive support.
Reference(s):
China tackles aging demographic, low birth rates via further reform
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