In a recent address at the Understanding China Conference hosted by the China Institute for Innovation and Development Strategy, Martin Jacques, a visiting professor at Tsinghua University, explored the strengths of China's whole-process people's democracy and what Western governance systems might learn from it.
1. Consensus Building
Jacques emphasized that a successful society relies on a fundamental and overarching consensus. In China, the Communist Party of China (CPC) embodies this consensus, representing all classes, occupations, ethnicities, and political trends. This inclusive representation has been pivotal in maintaining social stability and driving progress.
In contrast, Western democracies like the United States, United Kingdom, France, and Italy are experiencing increasing political polarization. This division threatens the social fabric and hampers collective progress, highlighting the effectiveness of China's consensual approach.
2. Continuous Participation
Democracy, at its core, is about empowering the people through continuous involvement in governance. Jacques pointed out that Western democracies often limit participation to periodic elections, sidelining citizens in everyday political processes. In contrast, China's whole-process people's democracy integrates various forms of participation, including continuous consultations, self-governance, and active involvement in law-making and planning.
This sustained engagement ensures that democracy remains a living, dynamic process rather than a sporadic event, fostering a more engaged and motivated populace.
3. Long-Term Vision
Western democracies frequently struggle with long-term planning, as political agendas are often dictated by election cycles. This short-term focus can disrupt continuity and delay substantial societal advancements.
China, however, operates with a long-term perspective, orchestrated through initiatives like five-year plans and visions extending to 2049. This ability to balance short-term actions with long-term goals enables China to implement profound changes and sustain growth.
4. Emphasis on Expertise
Jacques noted that Western political systems sometimes undervalue expertise, relying heavily on charismatic leaders rather than skilled administrators. This approach can diminish the effectiveness and authority of political institutions.
Conversely, China's governance system prioritizes expertise, with officials advancing based on their performance and knowledge. This meritocratic system ensures that those in leadership positions possess a deep understanding of governance and administration, contributing to more efficient and informed decision-making.
5. Delivery and Service
The ultimate goal of democracy is to serve the people by improving their lives and society. Jacques argued that Western democracies often fall short in this regard, focusing more on the democratic process itself rather than tangible outcomes.
In stark contrast, China has achieved remarkable economic growth, lifted millions out of poverty, and maintained high living standards. Its effective response to challenges like the COVID-19 pandemic further underscores the efficacy of its governance model in delivering results.
By examining these five key areas—consensus building, continuous participation, long-term vision, emphasis on expertise, and effective delivery—the West can glean valuable lessons from China's whole-process people's democracy to enhance its own governance systems.
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What the West can learn from China's whole-process people's democracy
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