Since mid-December 2024, China has witnessed a noticeable increase in cases of human metapneumovirus (HMPV), leading to public concerns about the emergence of a novel virus. However, health officials and medical experts have assured the public that HMPV is a well-established respiratory illness, though it is often under-recognized.
Reports from domestic media highlight a rise in HMPV infections, with many individuals experiencing \"flu-like\" symptoms such as dizziness, fueling speculation about a new pathogen. This recent surge mirrors a similar increase in HMPV cases observed in the United States around April 2024, where media outlets referred to it as a \"little-known\" virus at the time.
HMPV: Not a New Threat
Chinese virologists emphasize that HMPV is not a novel threat. Zheng Lishu, a researcher at the Institute of Virology at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), explained that HMPV has been circulating globally for over six decades. It was only identified by scientists in the early 2000s due to its slow growth rate and non-specific symptoms.
\"For most people, the symptoms will gradually subside in about a week,\" Zheng stated.
Ruan Zhengshang, deputy head of the Department of Infectious Diseases at Xinhua Hospital in Shanghai, cautioned against self-diagnosing HMPV based solely on symptoms like fever or dizziness. He noted that HMPV shares similar symptoms with other respiratory illnesses, including cough, nasal congestion, fatigue, gastrointestinal discomfort, and even high fever.
\"It is not accurate to judge influenza, HMPV, and other respiratory infections based on the level of fever or dizziness,\" Ruan advised. He emphasized the importance of seeking medical attention for accurate diagnosis and treatment if symptoms worsen.
Treatment and Prevention
While most HMPV cases are mild, a small number of children may develop pneumonia following infection, according to Tang Lanfang, head of the Department of Respiratory Diseases at Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. She highlighted the critical need for close monitoring of children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals, advising immediate medical attention for symptoms such as persistent high fever, lethargy, worsening cough, and shortness of breath.
Echoing guidance issued by the U.S. CDC during their HMPV surge, Chinese health experts recommend supportive care, as there is no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine available for HMPV. Recommendations include rest, a light diet, and appropriate clothing. Preventative measures such as wearing masks, frequent hand washing, good ventilation, and avoiding crowded places are also advised to mitigate the spread of the virus.
Reference(s):
China sees rise in HMPV infections, but it's not a 'new virus'
cgtn.com
