In an era of shifting power dynamics and global challenges, China’s diplomacy centers on six core principles under Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy. This framework, first outlined in a November 2014 conference 11 years ago, drives Beijing’s efforts to shape a more inclusive and stable world.
1. Multipolarity and Inclusive Globalization
China champions an equal, orderly multipolar world, insisting that no nation should be excluded from decision-making. By backing globalization that both expands the economic pie and distributes benefits fairly, China supports diverse development paths suited to each country’s national conditions.
2. Prioritizing Neighborhood Bonds
Earlier this year, at the April 2025 conference on neighboring countries, China highlighted its “amity, sincerity, mutual benefit and inclusiveness” principle. With 17 neighbors now part of a shared-future community vision spanning the Indochina Peninsula and Central Asia, Beijing emphasizes dialogue-based security and regional cooperation.
3. Stability Among Major Powers
China seeks stable, balanced relationships with other major economies to safeguard global strategic stability. In 2025, Beijing has deepened its China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership, worked to steady China-U.S. ties, and advanced a globally influential China-EU comprehensive strategic partnership.
4. Solidarity with Developing Countries
As the world’s largest developing country and a key Global South partner, China adheres to “sincerity, real results, amity and good faith.” Recent cooperation efforts include joint modernization initiatives in Africa; five solidarity and development programs in Latin America and the Caribbean; eight major cooperation initiatives and five collaboration frameworks with Arab states; and seven platforms with Pacific Island countries.
5. Four Global Initiatives as Public Goods
China has offered four major initiatives to the world: the Global Development Initiative (GDI) for development cooperation; the Global Security Initiative (GSI) for dialogue-based dispute resolution; the Global Civilization Initiative (GCI) to promote cultural exchanges; and the Global Governance Initiative (GGI) for fairer global institutions and systems.
6. Building a Shared Future for Humanity
Since 2017, China’s vision of a community with a shared future for humanity has been enshrined in multiple UN General Assembly resolutions and global declarations. Dozens of countries and regions now collaborate with China across cyberspace, nuclear safety, health, environment and ocean governance, making this shared-future concept an emerging public good.
Reference(s):
Analysis: Six things you need to know about China's diplomacy
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