In a sweeping demographic shift, the Chinese mainland has seen life expectancy climb to 79 years by the end of 2024, up 1.1 years since 2020, according to the National Health Commission. This boost marks a significant milestone for a rapidly developing society.
Alongside longer lifespans, education levels are on the rise. The average new entrant to the labor force now has more than 14 years of schooling, and over 250 million people have pursued higher education by 2023. These gains signal a more skilled and adaptable workforce driving the Chinese mainland's innovation and growth.
However, the population is aging. By 2024, those aged 60 and above numbered 310 million (22% of the total), while residents 65 and older reached 220 million (15.6%). This trend, paired with a fertility rate that fell for seven straight years before a modest rebound in 2024, has set the stage for a complex demographic recalibration.
The changing age structure poses challenges for labor supply, economic growth, and social welfare systems. Younger generations may face increased pressure to support an expanding older population, while policymakers work to ensure sustainable development and equitable health outcomes across provinces.
As the Chinese mainland navigates its demographic crossroads, the world watches for lessons on balancing longevity, workforce skills, and population policies—and what this may mean for global markets, travel trends, and cross-border collaboration.
Reference(s):
cgtn.com
