Deqing, in Zhejiang Province on the Chinese mainland, holds a special place in the world of freshwater pearls – it's the earliest documented region to practice pearl farming in the country. For centuries, local farmers mastered the art of nurturing oysters that yield pearls celebrated for their crystal-clear luster, perfect roundness and silky smooth texture.
This year brought a shining milestone: the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations officially added the Deqing Freshwater Pearl Integrated Farming System to its 2025 list of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS). This accolade highlights a sustainable practice that weaves together rice cultivation, fish farming and pearl production into one harmonious ecosystem.
From Pond to Pearl
At Deqing's OSM Pearl Museum, CGTN reporter He Jingyi dove into the complete journey – from water to jewelry box. The first step begins deep beneath the water's surface, where farmers carefully select healthy mussels for seeding. Each mollusk receives a tiny bead implanted by hand, kicking off a delicate growth process that lasts 18 to 24 months.
Meanwhile, nearby rice paddies benefit from the same water channels, receiving nutrients from the mussels and fish. This closed-loop approach reduces fertilizer use by up to 40% and cuts greenhouse gas emissions, according to local agricultural data.
The Art of Harvest
Harvest day is a community event. Farmers haul the mollusks out of the ponds and open them one by one, revealing hidden gems. Every pearl is then cleaned, sorted by size and grade, and polished to reveal its soft, iridescent glow.
"Handling a pearl straight from the oyster," He Jingyi notes, "you feel the weight of tradition in your hand." These pearls then travel to workshops where designers craft them into earrings, necklaces and rings, blending centuries-old techniques with modern aesthetics.
Shaping a Sustainable Future
By weaving together aquaculture, agriculture and heritage, Deqing's integrated system is more than a farming method – it's a blueprint for sustainable innovation. As global consumers increasingly seek ethically sourced gems, these pearls are poised to shine even brighter on the world stage.
For young global citizens, entrepreneurs and culture seekers alike, Deqing's story offers fresh insights into how tradition and sustainability can spark new possibilities – one pearl at a time.
Reference(s):
From tough shell to shimmering pearl — How many steps does it take?
cgtn.com
